{"id":16705,"date":"2017-01-28T20:26:23","date_gmt":"2017-01-28T17:26:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hornaffairs.com\/am\/?p=16705"},"modified":"2017-01-30T22:15:33","modified_gmt":"2017-01-30T19:15:33","slug":"challenges-of-education-sector-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hornaffairs.com\/am\/2017\/01\/28\/challenges-of-education-sector-part-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u12e8\u12a5\u129b \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u1246\u1245\u120d\u123d &#8211; \u12ad\u134d\u120d 2 | \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1270 \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1271 \u12e8\u121b\u1295 \u1290\u12cd?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>[Read &#8211;\u00a0<a class=\"row-title\" href=\"https:\/\/hornaffairs.com\/am\/2017\/01\/27\/challenges-of-education-sector-part-1\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u12e8\u12a5\u129b \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u1246\u1245\u120d\u123d \u2013 \u12ad\u134d\u120d 1 | \u12e8\u123d\u121d\u12f0\u12f3 \u12d5\u12cd\u1240\u1275 \u12a8\u1243\u120b\u1275 \u12a0\u12eb\u120d\u134d\u121d<\/a>]<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1260\u12da\u1205 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u201c\u1260\u1200\u1308\u122b\u127d\u1295 \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u12d8\u122d\u134d \u1201\u1209\u121d \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1232\u1328\u121d\u122d\u1293 \u1232\u123b\u123b\u120d \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1325\u122b\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u1270\u121b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u1265\u1243\u1275 \u1208\u121d\u1295 \u12a5\u12eb\u123d\u1246\u1208\u1246\u1208 \u1204\u12f0?\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u1246\u1245\u120d\u123d \u1208\u1218\u134d\u1273\u1275 \u127d\u130d\u1229\u1295 \u12a8\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u1343\u122d \u1208\u1218\u1218\u120d\u12a8\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u121e\u12a8\u122d\u122b\u1208\u1295\u1362 \u201cA Relevant Education for African Development\u201d \u1260\u121a\u120d \u122d\u12d5\u1235 \u1260\u1240\u1228\u1260 \u1325\u1293\u1273\u12ca \u1345\u1281\u134d \u12cd\u1235\u1325\u1363 \u12e8\u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab \u1200\u1308\u122b\u1275 \u12a8\u1245\u129d \u12a0\u1308\u12db\u12dd \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1290\u1343 \u12a8\u12c8\u1321\u121d \u1260\u128b\u120b \u201c\u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab\u12ca\u201d \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1309\u1275 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1262\u1296\u122d \u1260\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1270\u124b\u121b\u1271 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1230\u12cd \u1283\u12ed\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u120d\u1206\u1290 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u1208\u121b\u1233\u12e8\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u12ed\u120b\u120d\u1361- \u2018<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a8There has been little effort at domestication or an epistemological shift informed by the awareness that the site \u2013 or community -specific knowledge ties in with the language and textical structures of a given language, local cosmologies and worldviews\u2026\u201d A Relevant Education for African Development; African Development, Vol. XXIX, No. 1, 2004, pp. 161-184<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1260\u1325\u1293\u1271 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275\u1363 \u1260\u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u12a8\u1230\u1203\u122b \u1260\u1273\u127d \u12ab\u1209 \u12e8\u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab \u1200\u1308\u122b\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325\u1364 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb\u1365 \u1236\u121b\u120a\u12eb\u1365 \u12ac\u1292\u12eb\u1365 \u1266\u1275\u1235\u12cb\u1293 \u12a5\u1293 \u1273\u1295\u12db\u1292\u12eb \u1265\u127b \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u124b\u1295\u124b\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb\u1293 \u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1264\u1276\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1260\u121b\u1235\u1270\u121b\u122a\u12eb \u124b\u1295\u124b\u1290\u1275 \u12ed\u1320\u1240\u121b\u1209\u1362 \u1206\u1296\u121d \u130d\u1295\u1363 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1200\u1308\u122b\u1275 \u1262\u1206\u1291 \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u124b\u1295\u124b\u1295 \u12a8\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb\u1293 \u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1264\u1276\u127d \u12cd\u132a \u1208\u121b\u1235\u1270\u121b\u122a\u12eb\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u12ed\u1320\u1240\u1219\u121d\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed \u12e8\u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1270\u124b\u121b\u1275 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1270 \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u12a8\u1200\u1308\u122b\u1271 \u1290\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u1201\u1294\u1273\u1293 \u12a8\u1215\u12dd\u1261 \u121b\u1205\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u1215\u12ed\u12c8\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1290\u1320\u1208 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1206\u1295 \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u130e\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u1295\u1343\u122d\u1363 \u1260\u12ae\u120c\u1305 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u124b\u1295\u124b\u1295 \u1260\u12cb\u1293 \u12e8\u121b\u1235\u1270\u121b\u122a\u12eb \u124b\u1295\u124b\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1320\u1240\u121d \u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab\u12ca \u1200\u1308\u122d \u1273\u1295\u12db\u1292\u12eb \u1265\u127b \u1293\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12da\u12eb \u1260\u1270\u1228\u1348 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb\u1295 \u1328\u121d\u122e \u120c\u120e\u127d \u12a8\u1230\u1203\u122b \u1260\u1273\u127d \u12eb\u1209 \u1200\u1308\u122b\u1275 \u12e8\u121b\u1235\u1270\u121b\u122a\u12eb \u124b\u1295\u124b\u1278\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a5\u1295\u130d\u120a\u12d8\u129b \u12a5\u1293 \u1348\u1228\u1295\u1233\u12ed\u129b \u12eb\u1209 \u12e8\u1263\u12d5\u12f5 \u1200\u1308\u122b\u1275 \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12ce\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u12a8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u121b\u1235\u1270\u121b\u122a\u12eb \u124b\u1295\u124b \u130b\u122d \u1270\u12eb\u12ed\u12de \u12eb\u1209\u1275 \u127d\u130d\u122e\u127d \u1260\u12cb\u1293\u1290\u1275 \u12a8\u1245\u129d-\u12a0\u1308\u12db\u12dd \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u130b\u122d \u1270\u12eb\u12ed\u12d8\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1320\u1229 \u127d\u130d\u122e\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1291 \u12e8\u12d8\u122d\u1349 \u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 \u12eb\u1235\u1228\u12f3\u1209\u1362\u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c\u1363 \u1273\u12cb\u1242\u12cd \u12e8\u130b\u1293 \u1348\u120b\u1235\u134b \u201cKwasi Wiredu\u201d \u12e8\u1245\u129d-\u12a0\u1308\u12db\u12dd \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1275\u1295 \u12a0\u12ab\u120b\u12ca \u1245\u129d-\u12a0\u1308\u12db\u12dd \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12a0\u1235\u1270\u1233\u1230\u1265 (\u1203\u1233\u1263\u12ca) \u1245\u129d-\u12a0\u1308\u12db\u12dd \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1208\u1201\u1208\u1275 \u12ed\u12a8\u134d\u1208\u12cb\u120d\u1362 \u12a0\u12ab\u120b\u12ca \u1245\u129d-\u12a0\u1308\u12db\u12dd (Physical colonialization) \u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u1295 \u1209\u12d3\u120b\u12ca \u1200\u1308\u122d \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u130d\u12db\u1275 \u1260\u1326\u122d \u1283\u12ed\u120d \u12a0\u1238\u1295\u134e \u12e8\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295\u1295 \u1218\u1246\u1323\u1320\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12e8\u12a0\u1235\u1270\u1233\u1230\u1265 \u1245\u129d-\u12a0\u1308\u12db\u12dd (Conceptual colonialization) \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1260\u1270\u1308\u12e2\u12cd \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1308\u12e2\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u121d\u1290\u1275\u1363 \u12a0\u1218\u1208\u12ab\u12a8\u1275\u1363 \u1263\u1205\u120d\u1293 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1260\u1283\u12ed\u120d \u1218\u132b\u1295 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12e8\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb\u12cd \u1260\u1326\u122d \u1218\u1223\u122a\u12eb\u1293 \u1260\u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122e\u127d \u12a0\u121b\u12ab\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12a8\u1293\u12c8\u1295 \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1260\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1275\u1293 \u1260\u1218\u121d\u1205\u122b\u1295 \u12a0\u121b\u12ab\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u130b\u1293\u12ca\u12cd \u1348\u120b\u1235\u134b \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u1343\u120d\u1362 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275\u1363 \u12e8\u1245\u129d-\u12a0\u1308\u12db\u12dd \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u12ca \u1265\u127b \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u1235\u1290-\u120d\u1266\u1293\u12ca\u1293 \u1263\u1205\u120b\u12ca \u132d\u121d\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1218\u1206\u1291 \u12e8\u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab \u1200\u1308\u122b\u1275\u1295 \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u12ad\u1349\u129b \u1260\u12ad\u120e\u1273\u120d\u1362<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1260\u12a5\u122d\u130d\u1325 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb \u12a0\u12ab\u120b\u12ca \u1245\u129d-\u12a0\u1308\u12db\u12dd\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u12f0\u12cb \u12f5\u120d \u1260\u1283\u12ed\u120d \u12a0\u1238\u1295\u134b\u1208\u127d\u1362 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295\u1363 \u12e8\u121d\u12d5\u122b\u1263\u12ca\u12eb\u1295\u1295 \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1260\u122b\u1237\u1293 \u1260\u1215\u12dd\u1267 \u120b\u12ed \u1260\u1218\u132b\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u1235\u1270\u1233\u1230\u1265 \u1245\u129d-\u12a0\u1308\u12db\u12dd \u1235\u122d \u12c8\u12f5\u1243\u1208\u127d\u1362 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u1260\u1245\u129d-\u12a0\u1308\u12db\u12dd \u1225\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1290\u1260\u1229 \u12e8\u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab \u1200\u1308\u122b\u1275 \u1260\u1290\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u12a5\u12cd\u1290\u1273\u1293 \u1260\u1215\u12dd\u1261 \u1215\u12ed\u12c8\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1270 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1270 \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1270\u130d\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u1260\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u122b\u1237\u1295 \u1260\u122b\u1237 \u1208\u12a0\u1235\u1270\u1233\u1230\u1265 \u1263\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u12f3\u122d\u130b\u1208\u127d\u1362 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275\u1363 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129e\u1279 \u12e8\u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab \u1200\u1308\u122b\u1275\u1363 \u12e8\u12a5\u129b\u121d \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1226\u1235\u1275 \u1218\u12cb\u1245\u122b\u12ca \u127d\u130d\u122e\u127d (Structural Problems) \u12a0\u1209\u1260\u1275\u1361- \u1345\u1201\u134d-\u12c8\u1208\u12f5 \u1345\u1295\u1230-\u1203\u1233\u1265\u1363 \u124b\u1295\u124b\u1293 \u1218\u12cb\u1245\u122d (text-borne concepts, languages, and structures)\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u12a8\u1200\u1308\u122b\u127d\u1295 \u12e8\u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1270\u124b\u121b\u1275 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1270-\u1275\u121d\u1205\u1228\u1275 \u130b\u122d \u1260\u121b\u12eb\u12eb\u12dd \u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u1240\u1231\u1275\u1295 \u1218\u12cb\u1245\u122b\u12ca \u127d\u130d\u122e\u127d \u1260\u1240\u120b\u1209 \u1218\u1308\u1295\u12d8\u1265 \u12ed\u127b\u120b\u120d\u1362 \u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c \u12a5\u1294 \u12e8\u121b\u1235\u1270\u121d\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u1225\u122b-\u12a0\u1218\u122b\u122d (Business Management) \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u12a8\u121b\u1235\u1270\u121d\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1276\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u201cFinancial Management\u201d \u12ed\u1263\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u12e8\u1275\/\u1275 \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u1235\u1208 \u12ab\u1352\u1273\u120d \u12a0\u1348\u1323\u1320\u122d (Capital formation)\u1363 \u12a0\u12ad\u1232\u12ee\u1295\u1293 \u1266\u1295\u12f5 \u12cb\u130b (Share and Bond Value)\u1363 \u12a0\u12ad\u1232\u12ee\u1295 \u1308\u1260\u12eb (Stock Market)\u1363 \u2026\u12c8\u12d8\u1270 \u12e8\u1218\u1233\u1230\u1209\u1275\u1295 \u1345\u1295\u1230-\u1203\u1233\u1266\u127d \u12a8\u1270\u124b\u1219 \u1270\u130d\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u12a5\u1295\u1245\u1235\u1243\u1234\u12ce\u127d (Operational Activities) \u12a0\u1295\u1343\u122d \u12eb\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1270\u12eb\u12eb\u12e5\u1290\u1275\u1293 \u134b\u12ed\u12f3 \u1260\u1270\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1270 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u121d\u122b\u1208\u1201\u1362<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295\u1363 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a8\u1230\u1348\u122d \u1231\u1246\u127d \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u12cb\u1293 \u12e8\u1308\u1260\u12eb \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120d\u1365 \u1218\u122d\u12ab\u1276 \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u12cb\u1293 \u12e8\u12ab\u1352\u1273\u120d \u121d\u1295\u132d \u1206\u1296 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1308\u1208\u130d\u1208\u12cd \u201c\u12d5\u1241\u1265\u201d \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12e8\u12a0\u12ad\u1232\u12ee\u1295 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12e8\u1266\u1295\u12f5 \u123d\u12eb\u132d \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1362 \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u1260\u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a\u1363 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u12a0\u12ad\u1232\u12ee\u1295 \u1308\u1260\u12eb \u12e8\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1294\u121d \u12c8\u12f0 \u120c\u120b \u1200\u1308\u122d \u1204\u1304 \u1235\u1208\u121b\u1235\u1270\u121d\u1228\u12cd \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1270\u130d\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u12d5\u12cd\u1240\u1275 \u12e8\u1218\u1245\u1230\u121d \u12d5\u12f5\u1209\u1295 \u12a0\u120b\u1308\u1298\u1201\u121d\u1362 \u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205\u1363 \u1260\u12d5\u1241\u1265 \u1265\u122d \u1208\u121a\u121b\u122d \u1270\u121b\u122a \u1235\u1208 \u12a0\u121c\u122a\u12ab\u12cd \u201cCity Bank\u201d \u12a5\u1293 \u1235\u1208 \u12a5\u1295\u130d\u120a\u12d9 \u201cBarclays\u201d \u1263\u1295\u12ad \u12e8\u12a0\u12ad\u1232\u12ee\u1295 \u1308\u1260\u12eb\u1293 \u12cb\u130b\u1363 \u1308\u1262 \u1218\u1328\u1218\u122d\u1293 \u1218\u1240\u1290\u1235 \u1260\u121d\u1233\u120c\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1320\u1240\u121d\u12a9 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u121d\u122b\u1208\u1201\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1218\u121d\u1205\u122d \u1235\u1208\u12a0\u12a8\u1232\u12ee\u1295 \u1308\u1260\u12eb \u1260\u1270\u130d\u1263\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1270 \u120d\u121d\u12f5\u1293 \u12d5\u12cd\u1240\u1275 \u12e8\u1208\u129d\u121d\u1362 \u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205\u1363 \u12e8\u12a5\u1294 \u12d5\u12cd\u1240\u1275 \u1260\u1270\u130d\u1263\u122d \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u12f0\u1308\u1348 \u1345\u1201\u134d-\u12c8\u1208\u12f5 (text-borne concept) \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12a5\u1294\u121d \u1206\u1295\u12a9 \u1270\u121b\u122a\u12ce\u127c \u1260\u12d5\u1208\u1275-\u12a8\u12d5\u1208\u1275 \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1273\u127d\u1295 \u1208\u1218\u130d\u1263\u1262\u12eb\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121d\u1295\u1320\u1240\u1218\u12cd \u124b\u1295\u124b \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122d \u1264\u1275 \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12e8\u1270\u121b\u122d\u12a9\u1260\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u121b\u1235\u1270\u121d\u122d\u1260\u1275 \u130d\u1295 \u12e8\u12a5\u1295\u130d\u120a\u12d8\u129b \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d\u1363 \u1201\u120b\u127d\u1295\u121d \u1260\u12f0\u1295\u1265 \u1260\u121b\u1295\u130d\u1263\u1263\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u1263\u12d5\u12f5 \u1200\u1308\u122d \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1260\u1270\u130d\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u12d5\u12cd\u1240\u1275 \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u12f0\u1308\u1348 \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u121d\u122b\u1278\u12cb\u1208\u1201\u1362 \u12a5\u1294 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1218\u121d\u1205\u122d \u12e8\u120c\u1208\u129d\u1295 \u1208\u1270\u121b\u122a\u12ce\u127c \u12a0\u120d\u1230\u1325\u121d\u1362 \u12a5\u1290\u1231\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1270\u121b\u122a \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u1230\u1323\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12d5\u12cd\u1240\u1275 \u12a8\u12e8\u1275\u121d \u120a\u12eb\u1218\u1321\u1275 \u12a0\u12ed\u127d\u1209\u121d\u1362 \u12a8\u1218\u121b\u122d \u121b\u1235\u1218\u1229 \u130b\u122d \u1260\u1270\u12eb\u12eb\u12d8 \u12ab\u1209\u1275 \u12e8\u12d5\u12cd\u1240\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u121b\u1235\u1270\u121b\u122a\u12eb \u124b\u1295\u124b \u127d\u130d\u122e\u127d \u1260\u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a \u12a8\u1325\u1293\u1275\u1293 \u121d\u122d\u121d\u122d \u130b\u122d \u1260\u1270\u12eb\u12eb\u12d8\u121d \u120c\u120b \u127d\u130d\u122d \u12a0\u1208\u1362<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1260\u1201\u1209\u121d \u12e8\u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1270\u124b\u121b\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u1229 \u12e8\u1325\u1293\u1275\u1293 \u121d\u122d\u121d\u122d \u1345\u1201\u134e\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u1260\u1325\u122b\u12dd\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12eb\u12dd \u1260\u12a5\u1295\u130d\u120a\u12d8\u129b \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b\u1365 \u12a6\u122e\u121d\u129b \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u120c\u120b \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122d \u1264\u1275 \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1270\u1270\u122d\u1309\u121e \u12e8\u1270\u12d8\u130b\u1300 \u12e8\u1218\u1228\u1303 \u1218\u1320\u12e8\u1242\u12eb (Questionnaire) \u1245\u1345 \u12a0\u1208\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u1245\u1345 \u1260\u1200\u1308\u122d \u1264\u1275 \u124b\u1295\u124b \u12e8\u1270\u12d8\u130b\u1300\u1260\u1275 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u12a8\u1270\u1233\u1273\u134a\u12cd \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1260\u1325\u1293\u1271 \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1204 \u120a\u1230\u1320\u12cd \u1235\u1208\u1273\u1230\u1260\u12cd \u127d\u130d\u122d \u1215\u1265\u1228\u1270\u1230\u1261 \u1260\u121a\u130d\u1263\u1263\u1260\u1275 \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u1208\u129b\u12cd\u1295 \u1218\u1228\u1303 \u1208\u1218\u1230\u1265\u1230\u1265 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u127b\u120d \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295\u1363 \u12a8\u1218\u1320\u12ed\u1241 \u1260\u1235\u1270\u1240\u122d \u12eb\u1209\u1275 \u12e8\u1325\u1293\u1271 \u12ad\u134d\u120e\u127d\u1364 \u12e8\u1325\u1293\u1271 \u1275\u1295\u1273\u1294\u1363 \u1218\u12f0\u121d\u12f0\u121a\u12eb\u1293 \u12e8\u1218\u134d\u1275\u1204 \u1203\u1233\u1265 \u12e8\u121a\u1343\u1348\u12cd \u1260\u12a5\u1295\u130d\u120a\u12d8\u129b \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1208\u121d\u1295? \u1260\u12a5\u122d\u130d\u1325 \u12ed\u1204 \u127d\u130d\u122d\u1295 \u1260\u121a\u12eb\u130d\u1263\u1263 \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1320\u12ed\u1246 \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1204\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u12eb\u130d\u1263\u1263 \u124b\u1295\u124b \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1218\u1293\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u120d\u121d? \u120c\u120b\u12cd \u1265\u12d9\u1203\u1291 \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122b\u127d\u1295 \u121b\u1205\u1265\u1228\u1230\u1265 \u1260\u121a\u130d\u1263\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b\u1363 \u12a6\u122e\u121d\u129b \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1236\u121b\u120a\u129b \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u1230\u1229 \u1325\u1293\u1275\u1293 \u121d\u122d\u121d\u122d \u12cd\u1324\u1276\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u1270\u1219\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1223\u12ed\u1295\u1235 \u1306\u122d\u1293\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u1209\u121d\u1362 \u1260\u1270\u1218\u1223\u1223\u12ed\u1363 \u12e8\u127d\u130d\u1229 \u1263\u1208\u1264\u1275 \u1208\u1206\u1290\u12cd \u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u1215\u1265\u1228\u1270\u1230\u1265 \u12ad\u134d\u120d\u1293 \u1263\u1208\u12f5\u122d\u123b \u12a0\u12ab\u120b\u1275 \u1270\u12f0\u122b\u123d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1206\u1295 \u1260\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u127d\u120d \u1218\u120d\u12a9 \u1260\u1200\u1308\u122d \u1264\u1275 \u124b\u1295\u124b \u12e8\u1325\u1293\u1275\u1293 \u121d\u122d\u121d\u122d \u1225\u122b \u1230\u122d\u1276 \u12eb\u1240\u1228\u1260 \u1270\u1218\u122b\u121b\u122a \u12e8\u1219\u12eb\u1293 \u12e8\u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u12a0\u12eb\u1308\u129d\u121d\u1362<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1260\u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed\u1363 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1270\u124b\u121b\u1275 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1270 \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1260\u1290\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u12a5\u12cd\u1290\u1273\u1293 \u12a8\u1215\u12dd\u1261 \u12e8\u12d5\u1208\u1275-\u12a8\u12d5\u1208\u1275 \u1215\u12ed\u12c8\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u1270\u1218\u1235\u122d\u1276 \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1228\u1340 \u1263\u1208\u1218\u1206\u1291 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u1270\u121b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u1270\u130d\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u12d5\u12cd\u1240\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12eb\u1308\u1299 \u12a5\u1293 \u127d\u130d\u122d-\u1348\u127a \u1325\u1293\u1275\u1293 \u121d\u122d\u121d\u122e\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u1230\u1229 \u12cb\u1293 \u121b\u1290\u1246 \u1206\u1297\u120d\u1361\u1361\u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u1260\u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a\u1363 \u1260\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1271 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u121a\u1235\u1270\u12cb\u1208\u12cd \u1226\u1235\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u1218\u12cb\u1245\u122b\u12ca \u127d\u130d\u122d \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1356\u120a\u1232\u1293 \u12e8\u1270\u124b\u121b\u1275 \u12a0\u1230\u122b\u122d \u130b\u122d \u12e8\u1270\u12eb\u12eb\u12d8 \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271\u1295 \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1356\u120a\u1232 \u1328\u121d\u122e \u120c\u120e\u127d \u1200\u1308\u122b\u12ca \u12a0\u1300\u1295\u12f3\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u1215\u1265\u1228\u1270\u1230\u1265 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u1270\u1240\u1263\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u1308\u1299 \u1260\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u1309 \u1228\u1308\u12f5 \u12e8\u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 \u121a\u1293 \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u12f5\u130b\u134d \u12e8\u120c\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1356\u120a\u1232\u1293 \u12a0\u1245\u1323\u132b \u1260\u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u1215\u1265\u1228\u1270\u1230\u1265 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u1270\u1240\u1263\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121b\u130d\u1298\u1275 \u12a5\u12f5\u1209 \u1260\u1323\u121d \u12a0\u1290\u1235\u1270\u129b \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u2018\u201cWeiler, H.\u201d \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u1270\u121b\u122b\u121b\u122a \u201cChallenging the Orthodoxies of Knowledge\u201d \u1260\u121a\u120d \u122d\u12d5\u1235 \u12a5.\u12a0.\u12a0 \u12602006 \u1263\u1240\u1228\u1260\u12cd \u1325\u1293\u1273\u12ca \u1345\u1201\u134d \u12e8\u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1270\u124b\u121b\u1275 \u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1356\u120a\u1232\u12ce\u127d\u1295\u1293 \u12a0\u1230\u122b\u122e\u127d \u12d9\u122a\u12eb \u1219\u12eb\u12ca \u12f5\u130b\u134d\u1293 \u1275\u1295\u1273\u1294 \u1260\u1218\u1235\u1320\u1275 \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275\u1295 \u1245\u1261\u120d\u1290\u1275 (legitimacy) \u1260\u1218\u12c8\u1230\u1295 \u1228\u1308\u12f5 \u12eb\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1241\u120d\u134d \u121a\u1293 \u201cknowledge legitimizes power\u201d \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u1340\u12cb\u120d\u1362 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1260\u1270\u122b\u12cd \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1271\u1295 \u1263\u1208\u121b\u123b\u123b\u120d \u121d\u1201\u122b\u1291\u1295 \u12cd\u1208\u1273 \u12ed\u1218\u120d\u1233\u120d\u1362 \u1270\u1218\u122b\u121b\u122a\u12cd \u12ed\u1205\u1295 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u201cpower legitimizes knowledge\u201d \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u1340\u12cb\u120d\u1362<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12e8\u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1270\u124b\u121b\u1275 \u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u1233\u1233\u1270\u12cd \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1356\u120a\u1232 \u12cd\u1324\u1276\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1362 \u12e8\u12a5\u1290\u1231 \u12d5\u12cd\u1240\u1275 \u12a8\u1295\u12f5\u1348-\u1203\u1233\u1265 \u12eb\u120d\u12d8\u1208\u1208\u1293 \u1270\u130d\u1263\u122d-\u1270\u12ae\u122d \u12eb\u120d\u1206\u1290\u1363 \u1260\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271\u1293 \u1215\u12dd\u1261 \u1215\u12ed\u12c8\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u1270\u1328\u1263\u132d \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u1208\u12cd\u1325\u1293 \u1218\u123b\u123b\u120d \u121b\u121d\u1323\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1233\u1290\u12cd \u134b\u12ed\u12f3-\u1262\u1235 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12ed\u1201\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u121d\u1201\u122d\u1293 \u1263\u1208\u1219\u12eb \u1325\u1245\u121d\u1293 \u1270\u1320\u1243\u121a\u1290\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12ab\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u130b\u122d \u12e8\u1270\u1246\u122b\u1298 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1271 \u12a8\u1240\u12e8\u1228 \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u1260\u121b\u1205\u1260\u122b\u12ca\u1365 \u1356\u120a\u1270\u12ab\u12ca\u1293 \u12a2\u12ae\u1296\u121a\u12eb \u1309\u12f3\u12ee\u127d \u12d9\u122a\u12eb \u12eb\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u12d5\u12cd\u1240\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u121e\u122b\u120d \u12e8\u1260\u120b\u12ed\u1290\u1275\u1363 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d \u1270\u1320\u1243\u121a\u1290\u1275 \u12ed\u1240\u122b\u120d\u1362 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275\u1363 \u1260\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u12d5\u12f5\u120d\u1363 \u1270\u121b\u122a\u12ce\u127d\u1363 \u12e8\u1325\u1293\u1275 \u12c8\u1228\u1240\u1276\u127d\u1363 \u1345\u1201\u134e\u127d\u1293 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1290\u12ad \u1309\u12f3\u12ee\u127d \u12d9\u122a\u12eb \u121d\u1295\u121d \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u1208\u12cd\u1325\u1293 \u1218\u123b\u123b\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u1218\u1323 \u1260\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u134b\u12ed\u12f3-\u1262\u1235 \u1208\u1206\u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1325\u1265\u1245\u1293 \u12ed\u1246\u121b\u1209\u1362 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u120b\u12ed \u12a8Weiler, H. (2006) \u1325\u1293\u1273\u12ca \u1345\u1201\u1349 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u121a\u12a8\u1270\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u1218\u120d\u12a8\u1275\u1361-<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cAfter all, it is the evaluation of scholars, students, research proposals, manuscripts, and publications that determines the principal rewards of academic life: peer recognition, institutional standing and influence, research grants and, most importantly, publication. It is no accident that this assessment process tends to be fundamentally conservative\u2026Beyond being a reasonable safeguard for preserving valuable scientific legacies, this caution puts a strain and acts as a brake on the necessary process of constant renewal of our concepts of knowledge. It is here that the traditional hierarchies of knowledge manifest their power most clearly and effectively. \u201c Challenging the Orthodoxies of Knowledge: UNESCO Publishing, 2006, 61-87<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u12a8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a\u1363 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12e8\u12d3\u1208\u121d-\u12a0\u1240\u134d \u1270\u124b\u121b\u1275\u1293 \u1260\u130e \u12a0\u12f5\u122b\u130e\u1275 \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1276\u127d \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1271 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u1240\u12e8\u122d \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u121a\u1293 \u12a0\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u1362 \u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c\u1363 \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb \u1208\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1218\u1235\u134b\u134b\u1275\u1293 \u1325\u122b\u1275 \u12e8\u134b\u12ed\u1293\u1295\u1235 \u12f5\u130b\u134d \u1260\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u130d\u1295\u1263\u122d \u1240\u12f0\u121d \u121a\u1293 \u12e8\u121a\u132b\u12c8\u1270\u12cd \u12e8\u12d3\u1208\u121d \u1263\u1295\u12ad \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1271 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u1240\u12e8\u122d \u1260\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u1228\u1308\u12f5 \u12cb\u1293 \u1270\u12cb\u1293\u12ed \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c\u1363 \u12e8\u12a0\u1208\u121d \u1263\u1295\u12ad \u1208\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u12d8\u122d\u134d \u1265\u12f5\u122d \u1208\u1218\u1235\u1320\u1275 \u1263\u12d8\u130b\u1300\u12cd \u1230\u1290\u12f5 \u120b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb <a href=\"http:\/\/www.addisadmassnews.com\/index.php?option=com_k2&amp;view=item&amp;id=19444:%E2%80%9C2-%E1%8C%8A%E1%8B%9C-4%E2%80%9D-%E1%89%B0%E1%88%9B%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%8E%E1%89%BD%E1%8A%95-%E1%8A%A5%E1%8B%AB%E1%88%B5%E1%8C%A8%E1%8A%90%E1%89%80-%E1%8A%90%E1%8B%8D&amp;Itemid=101\" target=\"_blank\">\u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1325\u122b\u1275 \u1218\u1240\u1290\u1235<\/a> \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u1348\u1323\u1295 \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1218\u1235\u134b\u134b\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u1343\u120d\u1362 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295\u1363 \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1218\u1235\u134b\u134b\u1275 \u1260\u1200\u1308\u122b\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u12e8\u1273\u12e8 \u120b\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1325\u122b\u1275 \u121b\u123d\u1246\u120d\u1246\u120d \u1260\u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275\u1290\u1275 \u120a\u1320\u1240\u1235 \u12a0\u1295\u12f0\u121b\u12ed\u127d\u120d \u1260\u12ad\u134d\u120d-1\u1361 \u201c\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u123d\u121d\u12f0\u12f3\u1365 \u12d5\u12cd\u1240\u1275 \u1243\u120b\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u201d \u1270\u1218\u120d\u12ad\u1270\u1293\u120d\u1362 \u12a8\u12da\u12eb \u12ed\u120d\u1245\u1363 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u201cWeiler, H. (2006) \u12a0\u1308\u120b\u1208\u1345\u1363 \u1208\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1325\u122b\u1275 \u1218\u1240\u1290\u1235 \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u121b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u1241\u1325\u122d \u1218\u1328\u1218\u122d \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u122b\u1231 \u12e8\u12a0\u1208\u121d \u1263\u1295\u12ad \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u1340\u12cb\u120d-<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cThe relationship of reciprocal legitimation between knowledge and power is particularly evident in the case of institutions such as the World Bank, whose role in the international system is by no means confined to exercising influence on economic activity and policy. Less well-known, but extremely effective is the influence the World Bank wields by imposing an orthodoxy of knowledge to which all countries and institutions that wish to enter into negotiations on financing and support with the World Bank must subscribe\u201d Challenging the Orthodoxies of Knowledge: UNESCO Publishing, 2006, 61-87<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1260\u12ad\u134d\u120d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1270\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1275\u1290\u12cd\u1363 \u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u12a8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb \u1290\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u1201\u1294\u1273\u1293 \u12a8\u1215\u12dd\u1261 \u12e8\u12a5\u1208\u1275-\u12a8\u12d5\u1208\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u1245\u1235\u1243\u1234 \u12a0\u1295\u1343\u122d \u12e8\u1270\u1243\u1298\u1293 \u1208\u1270\u121b\u122a\u12ce\u127d\u1293 \u12a0\u1230\u1270\u121b\u122a\u12ce\u127b\u127d\u1295 \u1270\u1328\u1263\u132d \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u130d\u1295\u12db\u1264\u1293 \u12d5\u12cd\u1240\u1275 \u1208\u121b\u1235\u1328\u1260\u1325 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u127d\u120d \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u120d\u121d\u1362 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u1260\u12dd\u122d\u12dd\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1270\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1275\u1290\u12cd \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1260\u1245\u129d-\u12a0\u1308\u12db\u12dd \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u12a0\u1235\u1270\u1233\u1230\u1265 \u1263\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u1208\u121b\u1235\u1348\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u1235\u127d\u120d \u1273\u1235\u1266 \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1228\u1340 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u12a5\u122d\u130d\u1325 \u12ed\u1205\u1295 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u120b\u12ed \u1270\u132d\u1296 \u12e8\u1246\u1218\u1260\u1275 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275\u1364 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1260\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1270\u1240\u1263\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u120b\u1208\u121b\u1323\u1275 \u1232\u120d\u1363 \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 \u1325\u1245\u121d\u1293 \u1270\u1320\u1243\u121a\u1290\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u120b\u1208\u121b\u1323\u1275 \u1232\u1209\u1363 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a0\u1208\u121d \u1263\u1295\u12ad \u12eb\u1209 \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1276\u127d \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12e8\u1292\u12ee\u120a\u1265\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u121d \u1218\u122d\u1205\u1295 \u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u1208\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u1208\u121b\u1228\u130b\u1308\u1325 \u1232\u1209 \u1260\u1348\u1320\u1229\u1275 \u1325\u121d\u1228\u1275\u1293 \u1275\u1265\u1265\u122d \u12a0\u121b\u12ab\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205\u1363 \u201c\u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1270 \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1271 \u12e8\u121b\u1295 \u1290\u12cd?\u201d \u1208\u121a\u1208\u12cd 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12pt;\">**********<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[Read &#8211;\u00a0\u12e8\u12a5\u129b \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u1246\u1245\u120d\u123d \u2013 \u12ad\u134d\u120d 1 | \u12e8\u123d\u121d\u12f0\u12f3 \u12d5\u12cd\u1240\u1275 \u12a8\u1243\u120b\u1275 \u12a0\u12eb\u120d\u134d\u121d] \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u201c\u1260\u1200\u1308\u122b\u127d\u1295.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":62,"featured_media":16729,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[234,339,81],"tags":[640,651],"class_list":["post-16705","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","category-ethiopia","category-social","tag-education","tag-651"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/hornaffairs.com\/am\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/01\/Chart-Average-exam-results-of-Grade-4-and-Grade-8-students.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4bJ9U-4lr","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hornaffairs.com\/am\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16705","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hornaffairs.com\/am\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hornaffairs.com\/am\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hornaffairs.com\/am\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/62"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hornaffairs.com\/am\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16705"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/hornaffairs.com\/am\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16705\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16731,"href":"https:\/\/hornaffairs.com\/am\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16705\/revisions\/16731"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hornaffairs.com\/am\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16729"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hornaffairs.com\/am\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16705"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hornaffairs.com\/am\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16705"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hornaffairs.com\/am\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16705"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}