{"id":16398,"date":"2016-08-08T23:35:59","date_gmt":"2016-08-08T20:35:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hornaffairs.com\/am\/?p=16398"},"modified":"2016-08-08T23:35:59","modified_gmt":"2016-08-08T20:35:59","slug":"ethiopia-generational-discontent","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hornaffairs.com\/am\/2016\/08\/08\/ethiopia-generational-discontent\/","title":{"rendered":"\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb \u12e8\u121b\u1295 \u1293\u1275:- \u12e8\u12c8\u1323\u1276\u127d \u12c8\u12ed\u1235 \u12e8\u1263\u1208\u1235\u120d\u1323\u1293\u1275?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"Photo<\/a>
Photo – Oromo protest in Woliso, August 6, 2016 [Credit: Social media]<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\u201c\u2026we [humans] kill one another. How does this come about? \u2026My own guess is that our propensity to murder is a back-handed consequence of our dependence on verbal communication: we use words in such a way that we come to think that men who behave in different ways are members of different species. \u2026Because of the way our language is organised and because of the way we are educated, each of us is constantly- finding himself in a position of contest. I identify myself with a collective we which is then contrasted with some other. What we are, or what the other is, will depend upon context. If we are Englishmen, then the others are Frenchmen, or Americans, or Germans…<\/span><\/p>\n

If we are ordinary simpleminded citizens, the other is a mysterious they, the government bureaucracy \u2026But lying in between the remote Heavenly other and the close predictable other there is a third category which arouses quite a different kind of emotion. This is the other which is close at hand but unreliable. If anything in my immediate vicinity is out of my control, that thing becomes a source of fear. This is true of persons as well as objects. If Mr X is someone with whom I cannot communicate, then he is out of my control, and I begin to treat him as a wild animal rather than a fellow human being. He becomes a brute. His presence then generates anxiety, but his Jack of humanity releases me from all moral restraint: the triggered responses which might deter me from violence against my own kind no longer apply.\u201d REITH LECTURES 1967: A Runaway World \u2013 Lecture 3: Ourselves and Others\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u1260\u1345\u1201\u134c \u1218\u130d\u1262\u12eb \u120b\u12ed \u1208\u1218\u130d\u1208\u1345 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121e\u12a8\u122d\u12a9\u1275\u1363 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb \u12a5\u12e8\u1273\u12e8 \u1263\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u1243\u12cd\u121e \u12a5\u1295\u1245\u1235\u1243\u1234 \u120b\u12ed \u1295\u1241 \u1270\u1233\u1275\u134e \u12a5\u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1309 \u12eb\u1209\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u12a835 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1260\u1273\u127d \u12a5\u12f5\u121c \u12eb\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u12c8\u1323\u1276\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1362 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12c8\u1323\u1276\u127d \u122b\u1233\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u201c\u12a5\u129b\u201d \u1232\u1209\u1363 \u1260\u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u12a5\u12f5\u121c\u12eb\u1278\u12cd \u12a835 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1206\u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1263\u1208\u1235\u120d\u1323\u1293\u1275\u1295 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u201c\u12a5\u1290\u1231\u201d \u12eb\u120f\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1362 \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u120b\u1262\u1326\u123d \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1263\u1208\u1235\u120d\u1323\u1293\u1271 \u122b\u1233\u1278\u12cd \u201c\u12a5\u129b\u201d \u1232\u1209\u1363 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e8 \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275\u1295 \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1243\u12c8\u1219 \u12eb\u1209\u1275\u1295 \u12c8\u1323\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u201c\u12a5\u1290\u1231\u201d \u12ed\u120f\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1362 \u12c8\u1323\u1276\u1279 \u201c\u12a5\u129b \u1230\u120b\u121b\u12ca \u1230\u120d\u134d \u1208\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u12c8\u1323\u1295\u201d \u1232\u1209\u1363 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u201c\u12a0\u1218\u1345\u1293 \u1265\u1325\u1265\u1325 \u1208\u121b\u1235\u1290\u1233\u1275 \u12c8\u1321\u201d \u12ed\u120b\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1362 \u201c\u1230\u120b\u121b\u12ca \u1290\u1295\u201d \u12a5\u12eb\u1209 \u201c\u1340\u1228-\u1230\u120b\u121d\u201d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1291 \u12ed\u1290\u1308\u122b\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1362 \u122b\u1233\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u201c\u1265\u12d9\u1203\u1291 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb \u1205\u12dd\u1265\u201d \u1232\u1209 \u201c\u1325\u1242\u1275 \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1270\u120b\u120b\u12aa\u12ce\u127d \u1293\u127d\u1201\u201d \u12ed\u1263\u120b\u1209\u1362 \u1201\u1208\u1271\u121d \u12c8\u1308\u1296\u127d \u201c\u1205\u12dd\u1265\u201d \u12a5\u1293 \u201c\u1215\u1308-\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275\u201d \u12ed\u120b\u1209\u1362 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295\u1363 \u1235\u1208\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u12a5\u12eb\u12c8\u1229 \u1260\u1203\u1233\u1265 \u130d\u1295 \u134d\u1341\u121d \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u130d\u1263\u1261\u121d\u1362 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1218\u1203\u120d\u1363 \u12e8\u1215\u12dd\u1295\u121d \u1230\u120b\u121d\u1293 \u12f0\u1205\u1295\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u1215\u1308-\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271\u1295 \u12e8\u121b\u1235\u12a8\u1260\u122d \u130d\u12f4\u1273 \u12eb\u1208\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u1356\u120a\u1236\u127d\u1293 \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122e\u127d\u1364 \u201c\u12e8\u1215\u12dd\u1265\u1295 \u1230\u1208\u121d\u1293 \u12f0\u1205\u1295\u1290\u1275 \u1208\u121b\u12f0\u134d\u1228\u1235 \u12a5\u1293 \u1215\u1308-\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271\u1295 \u1260\u1283\u12ed\u120d \u1208\u1218\u1293\u12f5 \u12e8\u12c8\u1321 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u201d \u1270\u1265\u1208\u12cd \u12ed\u120b\u12ad\u1293\u1363 \u201c\u1215\u1308-\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u12ed\u12a8\u1260\u122d\u201d \u12a5\u12eb\u1208 \u12e8\u121a\u132e\u12b8\u12cd\u1295 \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1260\u12f1\u120b \u12ed\u12f0\u1260\u12f5\u1263\u1209\u1365 \u1260\u1305\u121d\u120b \u12eb\u1235\u122b\u1209\u1365 \u1260\u1325\u12ed\u1275 \u12ed\u1308\u12f5\u120b\u1209\u1362 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1260\u12a5\u122d\u130d\u1325 \u1201\u120b\u127d\u1295\u121d \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb\u1296\u127d \u1290\u1295\u1362 \u127d\u130d\u1229 \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb\u1293 \u1260\u130d\u1265\u1345 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1260\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1320\u1228 \u1262\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u12a5\u129b \u201c\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb\u1296\u127d\u201d \u12a5\u1290\u1231 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u201c\u130d\u1265\u1343\u12ca\u12eb\u1295\u201d \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u201c\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u12ca\u12eb\u1295\u201d \u12ed\u1206\u1291 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362 \u1263\u1208\u1349\u1275 \u1235\u121d\u1295\u1275 \u12c8\u122b\u1275 \u1260\u1270\u1348\u1320\u1228\u12cd \u127d\u130d\u122d \u1260\u12f3\u12ed\u1293 \u1270\u1260\u12f3\u12ed \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb\u1296\u127d \u1290\u1295\u1362 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295\u1363 \u1201\u1208\u1271\u121d \u12a0\u12ab\u120b\u1275 \u122b\u1233\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u201c\u12a5\u129b\u201d \u12a5\u12eb\u1209 \u120c\u120e\u127d\u1295 \u201c\u12a5\u1290\u1231\u201d \u12ed\u120b\u1209\u1362 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u201c\u1260\u1226\u1235\u1270\u129b \u12ad\u134d\u120d\u201d (third category) \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u1240\u1231\u1275\u1295\u1363 \u1260\u1245\u122d\u1265 \u12eb\u1209\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u121b\u12eb\u1235\u1270\u121b\u121d\u1291\u1275 \u201c\u120c\u120e\u127d\u1365 \u12a5\u1290\u1231\u1295\u201d \u1218\u1208\u12e8\u1275 \u12a0\u12ed\u127b\u120d\u121d\u1362 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12ab\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb \u1290\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u12a0\u1295\u1343\u122d\u1363 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12e8\u1245\u122d\u1265 \u1229\u1245 \u12e8\u1206\u1291\u1363 \u12a0\u124b\u121d\u1293 \u1270\u130d\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u12a5\u1295\u1245\u1235\u1243\u1234\u12eb\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u1240\u120b\u1209 \u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u1273\u12c8\u1245\u1293 \u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u1308\u1218\u1275\u1363 \u1260\u12d9\u122a\u12eb\u1278\u12cd \u120b\u1209\u1275 \u12e8\u1235\u130b\u1275\u1293 \u134d\u122d\u1203\u1275 \u121d\u1295\u132d \u12e8\u1206\u1291\u1275 \u201c\u12a5\u1290\u1231\u201d \u12a5\u1290\u121b\u1295 \u1293\u1278\u12cd? \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u1260\u1270\u1243\u122b\u1292\u1363 \u12a0\u1218\u1345\u1293 \u1265\u1325\u1265\u1325 \u1260\u121b\u1235\u1290\u1233\u1275 \u12e8\u1215\u12dd\u1261\u1295 \u1230\u120b\u121d\u1293 \u12f0\u1205\u1295\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u12f0\u130b \u120b\u12ed \u12ed\u1325\u120b\u1209\u1363 \u1260\u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1271 \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u1298\u12cd\u1295 \u1230\u120b\u121d\u1293 \u120d\u121b\u1275 \u12ed\u1240\u1208\u1265\u1233\u1209\u1363\u2026\u12c8\u12d8\u1270 \u1260\u121a\u120d \u12a5\u1233\u1264 \u12a5\u1295\u1245\u1235\u1243\u1234\u12eb\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1325\u122d\u1323\u122c\u1293 \u1235\u130b\u1275 \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1273\u1270\u1209 \u12a5\u122d\u121d\u1303 \u12e8\u121a\u12c8\u1235\u12f1\u1275\u1235 \u12a5\u1290\u121b\u1295 \u1293\u1278\u12cd? \u1260\u12a5\u122d\u130d\u1320\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u12f0\u129b\u12cd \u12c8\u1308\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1263\u1208\u1235\u120d\u1323\u1293\u1275 \u1232\u1206\u1291 \u120c\u120b\u129b\u12cd \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1208\u1270\u1243\u12cd\u121e \u12a0\u12f0\u1263\u1263\u12ed \u12e8\u12c8\u1321\u1275 \u12c8\u1323\u1276\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1362\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1260\u1345\u1201\u134c \u1218\u130d\u1262\u12eb \u120b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1308\u1208\u1345\u12a9\u1275\u1363 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb \u12a5\u12e8\u1273\u12e8 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u1243\u12cd\u121e \u12a5\u1295\u1245\u1235\u1243\u1234 \u1260\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1271 \u12e8\u1201\u1208\u1275 \u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f6\u127d \u130d\u132d\u1275 \u12cd\u1324\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1275 \u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f6\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u1295 \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1208\u121b\u1235\u1240\u1320\u120d \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1208\u1218\u1240\u120d\u1260\u1235 \u12e8\u121a\u12f0\u1228\u130d \u1275\u130d\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a5\u1295\u130d\u120a\u12dd \u1263\u1209 \u1200\u1308\u122b\u1275 \u12601960\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u12a8\u1263\u1262 \u12eb\u130b\u1320\u1218 \u127d\u130d\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/span><\/p>\n

“A Runaway World\u201d \u1260\u121a\u120d \u122d\u12d5\u1235 Edmund Leach \u12e8\u1230\u1320\u12cd \u1275\u1295\u1273\u1294\u121d \u1260\u12cb\u1293\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u12c8\u1245\u1271 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u130d\u120a\u12dd \u1235\u1208\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f5 \u130d\u132d\u1275 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u1240\u1325\u120e \u1263\u1208\u12cd \u1325\u1245\u1235 \u12cd\u1235\u1325\u1363 \u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u1260\u1263\u1208\u1235\u120d\u1323\u1293\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u12c8\u1323\u1276\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u201c\u121b\u2026\u121b\u1295 \u1290\u12cd?\u201d \u1260\u121a\u120d \u120b\u1290\u1233\u1290\u12cd \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u130d\u120d\u1345 \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u121d\u120b\u123d \u12ed\u1230\u1320\u1293\u120d\u1362 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u201cTension between the generations is normal for any society; every son is a potential usurper of his father\u2018s throne; every parent feels under threat; but the present anxiety of British parents seems altogether out of proportion. Young people are being treated as an alien category: \u2018wild beasts with whom we cannot communicate\u2019. They are not just rebels but outright revolutionaries intent on the destruction of everything which the senior generation holds to be sacred. \u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Let us be clear about this. What is odd is not the behaviour of the young but the reaction of the old. \u2026It is because the old allow themselves to feel separated from the young that the young create anxiety. They [youths} are the involuntary heirs to a generation of incompetents. Their seniors, who still keep all the power in their own hands, have made a total mess of things. \u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

The whole set-up is rigged to fit the belief that, when the young grow up and come to power, they too will carry on running the show just as before. But this assumption makes co-operation impossible. If the old expect the young to participate in planning the future, then they might at least take the trouble to find out what sort of future the young would actually like to have.\u201d [Reith Lectures 1967: A Runaway World \u2013 Lecture 3: Ourselves and Others]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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