{"id":15899,"date":"2016-02-21T21:45:55","date_gmt":"2016-02-21T18:45:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hornaffairs.com\/am\/?p=15899"},"modified":"2016-03-25T21:44:57","modified_gmt":"2016-03-25T18:44:57","slug":"meles-zenawi-democracy-development-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hornaffairs.com\/am\/2016\/02\/21\/meles-zenawi-democracy-development-part-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u120d\u121b\u1275\u1293 \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u1361 \u12e8\u1218\u1208\u1235 \u12dc\u1293\u12ca \u134d\u120d\u1235\u134d\u1293 &#8211; \u12ad\u134d\u120d 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hornaffairs.com\/am\/2016\/02\/17\/meles-zenawi-democracy-development\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u1260\u1263\u1208\u1348\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u120d<\/a> \u1208\u1218\u130d\u1208\u1345 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121e\u12a8\u122d\u12a9\u1275\u1363 \u1208\u120d\u121b\u1275\u1293 \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u121d\u1279 \u12e8\u1206\u1291 \u121b\u1205\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u12a5\u1234\u1276\u127d\u1363 \u120d\u121b\u12f6\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u12f0\u1295\u1266\u127d \u1208\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1200\u1308\u122d \u1265\u120d\u1345\u130d\u1293\u1293 \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u12c8\u1233\u129d \u12e8\u1206\u1291 \u121b\u1205\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u12ab\u1352\u1273\u120d (Social capital) \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb \u12eb\u1209 \u1200\u1308\u122b\u1275 \u12d8\u120b\u1242 \u120d\u121b\u1275\u1293 \u1348\u1323\u1295 \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u1235\u1218\u12d8\u130d\u1261 \u1260\u1245\u12f5\u121a\u12eb \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u121b\u1205\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u1203\u1265\u1276\u127d \u1260\u121a\u1348\u1208\u1308\u12cd \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u120a\u1296\u122f\u1278\u12cd \u12ed\u1308\u1263\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u1260\u12cb\u1293\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1275 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1273\u12ca \u1325\u12eb\u1244\u12ce\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u1275\u12a9\u1228\u1275 \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1308 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1260\u1245\u12f5\u121a\u12eb \u201c\u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb \u120b\u1209 \u1200\u1308\u122b\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u1240\u1231\u1275 \u121b\u1205\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u12d5\u1234\u1276\u127d \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u120b\u130a\u1290\u1275 \u121d\u1295 \u12eb\u1205\u120d \u1290\u12cd?\u201d \u1208\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u121d\u120b\u123d \u1208\u1218\u1235\u1320\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1208\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1240\u1320\u120d\u1363 \u201c\u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1200\u1308\u122d \u1208\u1270\u134d\u1320\u1290 \u120d\u121b\u1275\u1293 \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u121d\u1279 \u12e8\u1206\u1291 \u121b\u1205\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u12a5\u1234\u1276\u127d\u1363 \u120d\u121b\u12f6\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u12f0\u1295\u1266\u127d \u12a0\u1209\u1295 \u12c8\u12ed?\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1325\u12e8\u1244 \u12a5\u1295\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1273\u1208\u1295\u1361\u1361 (\u1208\u1270\u134b\u1320\u1290 \u120d\u121b\u1275\u1293 \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u121d\u1279 \u12e8\u1206\u1291 \u121b\u1205\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u12a5\u1234\u1276\u127d\u1363 \u120d\u121b\u12f6\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u12f0\u1295\u1266\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u12dd\u122d\u12dd\u122d \u1208\u121b\u12e8\u1275 \u12ed\u1205\u1295 \u120a\u1295\u12ad \u12ed\u132b\u1291\u1361- <a href=\"https:\/\/hornaffairs.com\/am\/2016\/02\/17\/meles-zenawi-democracy-development\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u120d\u121b\u1275\u1293 \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u1361 \u12e8\u1218\u1208\u1235 \u12dc\u1293\u12ca \u134d\u120d\u1235\u134d\u1293 &#8211; \u12ad\u134d\u120d-1<\/a>)\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1200\u1308\u122d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u120d\u121b\u1275\u1293 \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1296\u122d\u1363 \u1260\u12da\u1205\u121d \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u1241\u1233\u12ca \u1203\u1265\u1275\u1293 \u1325\u1245\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u1308\u129d\u1293 \u12e8\u1270\u123b\u1208 \u1215\u12ed\u12c8\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1296\u122d \u1260\u1245\u12f5\u121a\u12eb \u1208\u1270\u134b\u1320\u1290 \u120d\u121b\u1275\u1293 \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u121d\u1279 \u12e8\u1206\u1291 \u121b\u1205\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u12a5\u1234\u1276\u127d\u1363 \u120d\u121b\u12f6\u127d\u1293 \u12f0\u1295\u1266\u127d \u1260\u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u1215\u1265\u1228\u1270\u1230\u1265 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u120a\u1296\u1229 \u12ed\u1308\u1263\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u12da\u1205\u121d <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aigaforum.com\/articles\/ethiopia-self-development-and-capitalism.pdf\">\u12e8\u12d8\u122d\u1349 \u1263\u1208\u121e\u12eb\u12ce\u127d<\/a> \u12a0\u121d\u1235\u1275 \u12cb\u1293 \u12cb\u1293 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1276\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1209 \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u1245\u1231 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u12a5\u1290\u1231\u121d\u1361-\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">1\u129b\u1361- \u1208\u1270\u134b\u1320\u1290 \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u121d\u1279 \u12e8\u1206\u1291 \u121b\u1205\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u12a5\u1234\u1276\u127d \u1208\u1200\u1308\u122d \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275\u1293 \u1265\u120d\u1345\u130d\u1293 \u130d\u1265\u12d3\u1275 \u12a8\u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12a0\u1295\u1343\u122d \u120d\u12ad \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5\u1363 \u1218\u1265\u122b\u1275\u1363 \u12a5\u1293 \u1218\u1308\u1293\u129b (\u1274\u120c\u12ae\u121a\u1292\u12ac\u123d) \u1241\u120d\u134d \u12e8\u1206\u1291 \u201c\u121b\u1205\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1270 \u120d\u121b\u1275\u201d (Social infrastructure) \u1235\u1208\u1206\u1291\u1363<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">2\u129b\u1361- \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u130d\u12dc \u1260\u1215\u1265\u1228\u1270\u1230\u1261 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a8\u1230\u1228\u1341\u1293 \u1260\u1265\u12d9\u1203\u1291 \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u1270\u1240\u1263\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12ab\u1308\u1299 \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271\u1295 \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u12ca \u1225\u1228\u12d3\u1275\u1363 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed \u1260\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u12dc\u130e\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u130d\u120d\u1345\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u1218\u1270\u121b\u1218\u1295 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1270 \u12a5\u1293 \u12cd\u1324\u1275-\u1275\u12ae\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1206\u1295 \u1235\u1208\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u127d\u1209\u1363<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">3\u129b\u1361-\u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205\u1295 \u121b\u1205\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u1203\u1265\u1276\u127d \u1208\u121b\u12f3\u1260\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u12ed\u1240\u12cd \u12c8\u132a \u1260\u12dd\u1245\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u1263\u1209 \u1200\u1308\u122b\u1275 \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u1260\u1240\u120b\u1209 \u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u1308\u1299\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1274\u12ad\u1296\u120e\u1302 \u12a5\u1293 \u12ab\u1352\u1273\u120d \u12eb\u1209 \u130d\u1265\u12d3\u1276\u127d \u12a8\u121a\u1320\u12ed\u1241\u1275 \u12c8\u132a\u1293 \u12a0\u1245\u122d\u1266\u1273 \u12a0\u1295\u1343\u122d \u1260\u1323\u121d \u12dd\u1245\u1270\u129b \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u1363<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">4\u129b\u1361- \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u121b\u1205\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u12a5\u1234\u1276\u127d\u1363 \u120d\u121b\u12f6\u127d\u1293 \u12f0\u1295\u1266\u127d \u1201\u1209\u1295-\u12a0\u1240\u134d \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u1265\u12d9\u1203\u1295 \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u1270\u1240\u1263\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u1235\u1208\u121a\u1296\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271\u1295 \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u1240\u1323\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u1235\u1208\u121a\u12eb\u1228\u130b\u130d\u1321\u1363 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">5\u129b\u1361- \u1260\u12dd\u1245\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u120b\u12ed \u120b\u1209 \u1200\u1308\u122b\u1275 \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275\u1293 \u1265\u120d\u1345\u130d\u1293 \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u120b\u130a \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u1242 (necessary and sufficient) \u12e8\u1206\u1291 \u130d\u1263\u12d5\u1276\u127d \u1235\u1208\u1206\u1291 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u1260\u12dd\u122d\u12dd\u122d \u12a8\u1270\u1320\u1240\u1231\u1275 \u12cb\u1293 \u12cb\u1293 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1276\u127d\u1363 \u12e8\u121b\u1205\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u120d\u121b\u1275 \u130d\u1295\u1263\u1273 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12e8\u1218\u120d\u12ab\u121d \u121b\u1205\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u12d5\u1234\u1276\u127d \u121b\u12f3\u1260\u122d (social development or Social capital accumulation) \u1208\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1200\u1308\u122d \u120d\u121b\u1275\u1293 \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u1240\u12f3\u121a \u1270\u130d\u1263\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u12eb\u1233\u12eb\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u12da\u1205\u2019\u130b \u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b\u12cd\u1295 \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u12a5\u1293\u1295\u1233\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb \u12ab\u1208\u12cd \u1290\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u12a0\u1295\u1343\u122d\u1363 \u1208\u1348\u1323\u1295 \u120d\u121b\u1275\u1293 \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1348\u120d\u1308\u12cd \u121b\u1205\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u12ab\u1352\u1273\u120d \u12a0\u1208? \u1260\u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u1215\u1265\u1228\u1270\u1230\u1265 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u1270\u1240\u1263\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12eb\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u1293 \u12e8\u1270\u134b\u1320\u1290 \u12a2\u12ae\u1296\u121a\u12eb\u12ca \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1260\u1228\u1273\u1271 \u121b\u1205\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u12d5\u1234\u1276\u127d \u12a0\u1209\u1295? \u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c\u1363 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u1225\u122b \u134d\u1245\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u120d\u121b\u12f5\u1363 \u12ad\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u1260\u12a5\u122b\u1235 \u12e8\u1218\u1270\u121b\u1218\u1295 \u1218\u1295\u1348\u1235\u1363 \u12a5\u122b\u1235 \u12e8\u1218\u127b\u120d\u1363 \u1260\u12e8\u130d\u12dc\u12cd \u12a5\u122b\u1235\u1295 \u121b\u123b\u123b\u120d\u1363 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u12e8\u1218\u134d\u1320\u122d \u134d\u120b\u130e\u1275\u1293 \u1270\u1290\u1233\u123d\u1290\u1275\u1363 \u12a8\u120c\u120e\u127d \u1208\u1218\u121b\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u120d\u121d\u12f5\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u12ab\u1348\u120d \u134d\u1243\u12f0\u129b \u1218\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u1241\u1320\u1263 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1218\u1233\u1230\u1209\u1275 \u12a5\u121d\u1290\u1276\u127d\u1363 \u1218\u122d\u1206\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u1218\u1218\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u12e8\u1275\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u1215\u1265\u1228\u1270\u1230\u1265 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u1290\u12cd \u12eb\u1209\u1275?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1260\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1271\u1363 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb \u12e8\u128b\u120b \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1320\u1245\u1208\u120d \u1263\u1208 \u1218\u120d\u12a9 \u1232\u1273\u12ed \u1208\u1228\u1305\u121d \u12d8\u1218\u1293\u1275 \u1260\u12f5\u1205\u1290\u1275\u1293 \u128b\u120b-\u1240\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u1228\u1295\u124b \u1270\u12d8\u134d\u1243 \u12e8\u1246\u12e8\u127d \u1218\u1206\u1291\u1363 \u1200\u1308\u122a\u1277 \u1208\u120d\u121b\u1275\u1293 \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u120b\u130a \u12e8\u1206\u1291\u1275 \u1218\u120d\u12ab\u121d \u121b\u1205\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u12a5\u1234\u1276\u127d\u1363 \u120d\u121b\u12f6\u127d\u1293 \u12f0\u1295\u1266\u127d \u1260\u121a\u1348\u1208\u1308\u12cd \u12f0\u1228\u1303\u1293 \u1235\u134b\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u120d\u1290\u1260\u122f\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1233\u12ed \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u201c\u12e8\u1240\u12f5\u121e\u12cd \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1332\u12eb \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1270\u1238\u122f\u120d\u201d \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u1263\u120d \u12a0\u1201\u1295\u121d \u1260\u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u1215\u1265\u1228\u1270\u1230\u1265 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u12eb\u1209\u1275 \u121b\u1205\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u12d5\u1234\u1276\u127d \u1208\u1208\u12cd\u1325\u1293 \u1225\u122b \u121d\u1279 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1209\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u201c\u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u12e8\u1225\u122b \u134d\u1245\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u120d\u121b\u12f5 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\u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1230\u12cd \u201c\u1309\u1228\u129b\u1363 \u12a5\u12e9\u129d-\u12a5\u12e9\u129d \u1263\u12ed!\u2026.\u201d \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a0\u120b\u12c8\u1308\u12dd\u1290\u12cd\u121d? \u2026\u1260\u12e8\u130d\u12dc\u12cd \u12a5\u122b\u1231\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u123b\u123b\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u1270\u130b\u1295 \u130d\u1208\u1230\u1265 \u201c\u1308\u1265\u130b\u1263\u1363 \u1235\u130d\u1265\u130d\u1265\u1363 \u1235\u1235\u1273\u121d\u1363 \u1246\u1295\u124b\u1293\u1363 \u1230\u120b\u1262\u1363 \u120c\u1263\u1363\u2026\u12c8\u12d8\u1270\u201d \u12a0\u120b\u120d\u1290\u12cd\u121d? \u201c\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1348\u1320\u122d\u12a9\u2026\u12a5\u12e9\u120d\u129d\u1363 \u121e\u12ad\u1229\u120d\u129d\u1363 \u12a0\u12f5\u1295\u1241\u120d\u129d\u1363\u2026\u201d \u12a0\u12eb\u1208 \u12e8\u1218\u1323\u1295 \u1230\u12cd\u1363 \u201c\u12ed\u1204\u2019\u121b \u12f5\u122e \u12a5\u1294 \u12a0\u12cd\u1244 &#8211; \u1295\u1244 \u12e8\u1270\u12c9\u12a9\u1275 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